Technology and Sex Essay - 1991 Words

Technology and Sex Two years ago the word sexting did not exist. The combination of the words â€Å"sex† and â€Å"text† is now a term that is heavily discussed and causes issues for parents, students, educators, and law enforcement. Although there is no legal definition of sexting, it generally refers to writing sexually explicit messages, taking sexually explicit photos of themselves or others in their peer group and technologically transmitting those photos and/or messages to their peers. Now many people don’t know the problems associated with sexting. Most of these problems occur when one or all parties are minors. When a minor is involved there can be serious consequences that can follow a person for a life time. I interviewed Donna†¦show more content†¦Many teenagers do not understand that they can get in serious trouble for sexting. Something that was fun and innocent at first doesn’t turn out that way. The Dallas News interviewed a teenager about sexting. â€Å"Sammy, a 16-year old from the San Francisco Bay Area who asked that his last name not be used, said he has shared naked pictures of himself with girlfriends. He also shared naked pictures of someone else that a friend had sent him.† Sammy said â€Å"I just don’t see it as that big of a problem, personally.† (News)This attitude is an attribute to the problem. If teenagers don’t realize the risk that is involved, they are more likely to participate in this new technologic phase. Although sexting is a bigger issue if underage teens are participating, it’s not just teens that are getting in trouble with the law for sexting. A psychologist and New York author has conducted a survey of 323 anonymous volunteers to explore their attitudes toward the sexting experience. â€Å"Basically, sexters feel very positively towards sexting, whereas non-sexters think it’s a terrible idea† â€Å"People [aged] 13 to 19 are actively involved in sexting, but those [between] 20 to 26 are even more involved.† In JuneShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Sex and Violence on Technology Essay1861 Words   |  8 Pagesrapid increase in the use of technology. Whether it is for environmental discoveries, weapon construction, or the cell phones and internet used by everyday people, technology is everywhere. And through this technology, images of sex and violence are being channeled on the TV, on the Internet and on our phones. This means that violence and sex is everywhere. 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The Virus Responsible for the AIDS Disease - 1522 Words

The virus which is responsible for the disease of AIDS or the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is named as HIV or the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV is one of the members of viruses called the retrovirus. Explain this later These viruses are capable of duplicating the RNA into DNA.The virus has two exact copies of single-stranded RNA as the basic genome in the very center of the organism. The genome is surrounded by a membrane that is made of membrane-bound proteins and lipids. One of the membrane-bound proteins is called the T-cells which help the virus becoming physically attached. When it became attached, the virus that is brought inside by the T-cell could result for the internal core to become exposed and damaged. Then the enzyme attached to the RNA, starts to make a base-pair single-strand copy of the RNA into DNA. The single strand of DNA is also duplicated by the same enzyme to form double-stranded DNA. This DNA enters one of the 46 chromosomes within our cells and used it as pattern to produce new virus particles. These new virus particles can be released from the infected cell and infect the adjacent cells.) HIV can hide for a very long period of time in the cells of the body and attacks the main part of the immune system – the T-cells or the CD4 cells. HIV cannot enter unbroken skin. HIV can be transmitted through direct exchange of body fluids. Sexual intercourse is the most common form of HIV transmission. Blood to blood contact, such as sharing needles forShow MoreRelatedecological model of health1211 Words   |  5 PagesMedicine) Ecological Model of Health Abstract This paper discusses how IOM’s ecological model can be used to stop the AIDs pandemic which is a health issue globally. This is because the number of people infected with the disease has increased over the years, since the first case was reported. Statistics show that over 34 million people are infected globally. 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Insufficient Amount Of Insulin Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Type-1 diabetes occurs when the organic structure produces an deficient sum of insulin. It is besides known as juvenile diabetes or early-onset diabetes because it normally develops before the age of 40. Type-1 diabetes is less common than type-2 diabetes, which occurs when the organic structure producesA excessively small insulin or when the cells in the organic structure do non respond decently to insulin. We will write a custom essay sample on Insufficient Amount Of Insulin Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Peoples with type-1 diabetes make up merely 10 % of all people with diabetes, of which there are 2.9million in the UK. The symptoms of holding type-1 diabetes are increased thirst and frequent micturition, Extreme hungriness, Weight loss, Fatigue, and blurred vision. If left untreated type-1 diabetes can take to decease. This human death can be due to several grounds ; people with diabetes have a higher than mean hazard of holding a bosom onslaught or Stroke. Peoples who are unfortunate plenty to endure from either signifier of diabetes are more than twice every bit likely as people without diabetes to endure a shot or bosom onslaught. Harmonizing to ( diabetes.org ) two out of three people with diabetes die from bosom disease or shot besides called cardiovascular disease. There is besides a hazard of a diabetic coma which is frequently fatal. No affair the cause, every bit shortly as the islet cells have been destroyed, sick persons of type 1 diabetes will bring forth small to no insulin, if this happened in a healthy individual the liver would change over stored animal starch back into glucose maintaining the individual ‘s blood glucose degree within a healthy scope. In a type 1 sick person the latter would non happen as there would be no insulin in their organic structure to assist glucose into the cells, because of this the sugar would construct up in the blood stream ( alternatively of being transported into the cells ) where it could do major harm if non decease. What is insulin? Insulin is a endocrine that comes from the pancreas and helps glucose enter the cells ( to supply energy ) without insulin glucose can non come in the cells and so blood glucose degrees can be low ( hypoglycemia ) if this happens a individual can experience an array of side effects and even travel into a diabetic coma hypertext transfer protocol: //urbanext.illinois.edu/diabetes2/illustrations/glucose_insulin1.jpg Prevalence of diabetes in the UK 2011 Prevalence of diabetes in the UK 2006 The two above tabular arraies shows merely how huge the addition has been in the sum of people enduring from diabetes, nevertheless the study that I found these tabular arraies from said that they found that the per centum of sick persons with type-1 stayed reasonably changeless and that it was type-2 that had showed the big addition. Insulin pump therapy hypertext transfer protocol: //docnews.diabetesjournals.org/content/1/1/15/F7.medium.gif Insulin pump therapy is non a remedy to either signifiers of diabetes, nevertheless it is the most efficient, effectual and good intervention for sick persons at this clip and because of this is the chief solution I have chosen for my coursework. I chose to concentrate on the company Medtronic as their work with insulin pumps is shown to be to a great extent favoured by many independent sites and by persons posting on the web site. I have chosen non to compose about any possible remedies, due to the fact that at this clip there are no definite cures merely ‘possible ‘ remedies. How does the Medtronic MiniMed Paradigm Veo pump work? The Veo insulin pump differentiates its ego from the many other types of insulin pump due to its new and alone characteristics, most pumps merely supplies certain sums of insulin at regular intervals throughout the twenty-four hours, and are frequently able to be programmed to infix more insulin around repast times when there is the largest sum of glucose come ining the organic structure. The Veo pump nevertheless has an array of advanced characteristics that improve the wellness both at the clip and in the hereafter. These characteristics include: A uninterrupted glucose proctor that automatically detects how low the sick persons blood glucose degrees are A low blood glucose degree response system ( LGS ) that can react to the above state of affairs by curtailing or halting the sum of insulin released so as to raise the blood glucose degrees An ability to record and proctor blood glucose degrees all twenty-four hours every twenty-four hours Show the user their blood glucose degrees The system warns the user when their glucose degrees stray towards unsafe degrees Most pumps including the Medtronic work on a repast by meal footing with little sums of insulin being injected in between these periods, this is shown on the graph belowhttp: //dtc.ucsf.edu/images/graphs/graph_pump_regimen.gif Consequences hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medtronicdiabetes.ca/en/images/fingersticks.jpg The above graph shows the difference between the mean insulin pump which uses fingersticks to demo a few points in the rhythm of high and low blood sugar degrees, whereas the Veo uses CGM ( uninterrupted glucose supervising ) to demo all the points where the user is above, below or within their mark zone, the web site describes the differences â€Å" fingersticks being a few scenes, with CGM being the full film † Below are three graphs that compare glycaemic control and insulin dose in people with type 1 diabetes treated by insulin extract pump therapy or optimized insulin injections. The graphs compare three different factors Blood Glucose Level = ability to maintain blood glucose degrees healthy Glycated Haemoglobin = ability to maintain sum of glycated hemoglobin at a healthy degree, e.g. non to high Insulin dose = the positive consequence of holding insulin infused by either insulin pump or through injection Blood glucose control The graph below shows that glycaemic control was better during pump intervention than in injection therapy. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bmj.com/highwire/filestream/408723/field_highwire_fragment_image_m/0/F1.medium.gif Glycated hemoglobin The graph below shows that the per centum of glycated hemoglobin was lower during pump therapyhttp: //www.bmj.com/highwire/filestream/408741/field_highwire_fragment_image_m/0/F2.medium.gif Insulin dose hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bmj.com/highwire/filestream/408755/field_highwire_fragment_image_m/0/F3.medium.gif Cogency of consequences It is likely that the consequences are dependable, as the consequences were taken from a big figure of indifferent beginnings. The consequences were taken under the undermentioned conditions: 301 people with type 1 diabetes allocated to insulin extract and 299 allocated to insulin injections for between 2.5 and 24 months. To happen information that met the standards, the researches searched through Medline ( 1975 to 2000 ) and Embase ( 1980-2000 ) for documents on different insulin infixing systems. In the terminal they merely selected surveies that were randomized controlled tests of pump therapy compared with optimized insulin injection. Data was so extracted from text, tabular arraies, and graphs. This information was so assessed and reviewed by two independent individuals ; they assessed glycaemic control with each method as average blood glucose concentration and per centum of Glycated hemoglobin. They so took note of the entire day-to-day insulin dosage on the two governments. Equally good as this the type of pump, the type of insulin, and the insulin injection regimen were recorded. Beginnings of heterogeneousness ( the quality of being diverse and non comparable in sort ) were assessed with a random effects arrested development analysis with age, continuance of diabetes and intervention, and twelvemonth of survey being the independent variables. They tested their hypothesis by ciphering the ratio of the minimal discrepancy weighted geometric agencies of the SDs of blood glucose concentrations on the two regimens. This reinforces that the consequences are likely to be valid due to the huge figure of groups that underwent the experiment and the conditions under which the consequences were taken. Deductions of solution Advantages The intervention has shown to straight lower and even extinguish the opportunities of acquiring hypoglycemia due to the LGS characteristic Allows the user to drive and execute hazard filled undertakings with comfort cognizing that they will be warned if they have a low Blood Sugar degree Ensures the user that they can execute strenuous undertakings such every bit exercising as they will cognize if they are at hazard of fainting or holding low energy degrees Disadvantages While the insulin pump is a antic intervention, it is non a remedy and so requires care This intervention can be rather expensive in states such as America that do non supply a national insurance, unless said sick person attains funding Economic and ethical effects Ethically there are n’t truly any complications with this intervention, unless you have spiritual expostulations which do non let you to accept it. Economically this intervention provides many occupations to the industries of the pump and the manufacturers of the insulin Unless you live in a state where there is a national insurance, this intervention can be highly expensive so means some people have to utilize more basic interventions Alternate Treatments Nanotechnology â€Å" Another possible remedy may one twenty-four hours come from the microscopic, Nano technological spectrum. In this case, bantam insulin implants could meter out insulin to blood glucose degrees as and when it is required. This type of remedy is theoretically possible, and several scientists are working towards this hereafter. However as with other signifiers of possible diabetes cure this remains merely a distant potency † Bantam capsules can be implanted into the organic structure to make an unreal pancreas. When blood sugar flows inside the capsule, it stimulates the cells to bring forth insulin to command sugar degrees. The device has nano pores, pores so little that the organic structure ‘s antibodies can non acquire in to assail the cells, but big plenty that the insulin can flux out and into the organic structure. If nanotechnology can go cost effectual it is a feasible solution to diabetes. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.autokinematics.com/resource/nanotech-1.jpg Bring arounding Diabetes with Our Own Stem Cells! In October 2011 scientists at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology in Tsukuba Science City, Japan stated that they had found a possible remedy to diabetes. The extracted nervous root cells from rats via the olfactory organ were turned into pancreatic cells that can fabricate insulin to handle diabetes.http: //t0.gstatic.com/images? q=tbn: ANd9GcQ-Z8c26wx5B0PQflux1yHgFHlngRkkpHt7qBb7lecGzlLvIrxRSg First, they extracted a bantam sum of tissue from the portion of the encephalon which deals with odor through the rhinal pit, they so extracted nervous root cells an exposed them to a human protein that switches on insulin production every bit good as an antibody that blocks the natural inhibitor of insulin production. After two hebdomads the scientists placed the cells on thin sheets of collagen ( which acted as a scaffold ) leting them to put the sheets on top of the rats ‘ pancreas without damaging the organ. Within a hebdomad the concentrations of insulin in the blood of the rats that received the intervention matched those in the non-diabetic rats. This intervention had a 100 % success rate in all rats due to the 0 % rejections as the cells were their ain. The cells successfully tackled diabetes for 19 hebdomads until research workers halted the intervention by taking the sheets of cells, after which the rats ‘ diabetes returned. How to cite Insufficient Amount Of Insulin Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Internationa Standarts in HRM Essay Example For Students

Internationa Standarts in HRM Essay Nowadays, in most of the industries companies act according to set standards which ensure that the products and services the companies produce are safe, reliable and of good quality. These standards are strategic tools that reduce costs by minimizing waste and errors, and increase productivity. They help companies to access new markets, level the playing field for developing countries and to achieve their objectives. It is impossible not to take into account the fact, that every organization, regardless of its mission, strives to reach objectives wrought its workforce, Successful results are achievable if all members of the organization team know and share strategic goals and know and achieve their individual goals. Therefore, effectively managing employee performance is critical to organizational success. The situation is that there is no a widely-accepted standard for Human Resource Management at the moment. This issue raises the following questions: Should there be a prevalent HARM standard? If yes, what should it include and What benefits it Will introduce? 2 Discussions The public attention to standardization has increased and its role has became ore significant. There are some factors behind the change: economic globalization has expanded markets for products and services beyond our shores, raising the need to take standards into consideration even at the development stage of technologies; standardization activities towards global market becomes an essential part of organizational strategies for the future; and in society, standards are used as soft law to complement the current legal system. The issue of introducing the International Standards on Human Resource is being discussed in the business world during several years by the moment. There is a need for a broad, coordinated guidance to human resource practitioners, which will harmonize disparate practices for the benefit of organizations and their employees. The attention to people is being captured by the possibility that the new global standards will enhance organizational performance while facilitating humane, people-centered workplaces. The organizations wish that the International Standards for HARM will enable the organizations to recruit staff with the highest standards of efficiency, competence and integrity, with due regard to the importance of recruiting the Taft on as wide a geographical basis as possible and to the equal participation of men and women in the work Of the organizations. Those discussions have resulted in some actions or projects, in which people tried to create one standardized systems. 2. 1 Investors in People Launched in 1991, Investors in People is the Auks leading people management standard. It specialties in transforming business performance through people. Investors in People is a flexible, out-come based, business improvement framework. It is internationally recognized as a business improvement ramekin and quality standard, and is the one which is people focused. The framework was developed to support businesses through times of change and economic uncertainty using recognized best practice. It provides a framework for improving policies and procedures, helps organizations to define their strategy, and then align the companys people with the compass business needs. The framework has been developed to follow the business cycle (Plan-Do-Review) allowing management to choose the most relevant parts of the framework to use in line with achieving business objectives. Investors in People Improvement Wheel However, researches of lip in action have shown that there is little evidence that Investors in People accreditation leads to tangible commercial benefit for companies, and therefore the claim that it is a business improvement tool is open to question and potentially without foundation. Moreover, it is difficult to substantiate Pips claim that accreditation as an Investors in People organization has any practical value for organizations,the organizations attempting to comply With the Standard run the risk Of misdirected investment and/or potential over- investment. Probably, all of the above mentioned features do not allow the lip to become an international widely-accepted Standard for HARM. 2. 2  «Great Place to Work » Ranking Criteria Popular organization Great Place to Work At makes the ranking of different organizations to define the best in the world. Scope and limitation of a Hotel Reservation System EssayIt would enable companies to asses the performance of their HER departments fairly and equally in different countries and locations. 5 Conclusions In my opinion, it would be useful to introduce the set standards for HER. However, the question Of setting international standards for HARM is a tricky one. An ongoing recess to set minimum standards for HER. Similar to the generally accepted accounting principles so prevalent in finance, Offers both an opportunity and a risk for HER leaders. Being able to comply with already-set standards leaves one free to concentrate on more strategic issues. But being unable to comply could put ones job at risk. The standards can prove a useful tool for creating investor metrics that could provide analysts a common language to assess the human capital practices of a business. Those metrics could consist of cost of benefits,cost of labor,cost per hire,employee turnover,employee performance ND compensation competitiveness. Furthermore, the standards can Improve productivity and profitability tooth company- skilled and motivated people work harder and better The standard integrate the way in which people are developed in line with the organizations objectives and business issues. They help to maximize peoples skills and develop people in a structured and focused way, in line with the organizations objectives, making all learning and development more relevant and allowing people to see the benefits and the role they will play in reaching objectives.

Girl Interrupted free essay sample

â€Å"Girl, Interrupted† – Effects Mental Institutions Have on People Susanna Kaysen states that â€Å"[m]ental illness seems to be a communication problem between [two interpreters in your mind]† (pg 139). In Kaysen’s Girl, Interrupted, Kaysen is put in a mental facility at the age of 18 for a borderline personality disorder. The author is torn throughout the book if mental institutions are helping her and her fellow patients or bringing them down more. Also, the author argues that being put in a facility like this not only helps patients by teaching them independence, and helping them to build relationships with trust, but also sets them free. It is through Kaysens relationships with Lisa, Valerie, and ultimately herself that the facility is shown to slowly help patients with their social skills, communication, and trust problems. Kaysen’s relationship between her and her fellow patient Lisa is the first example of how the author argues that institutions help patients to get out and gain independence. We will write a custom essay sample on Girl Interrupted or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kaysen shows that after spending so much time in the facility, both she and Lisa are doing better; â€Å"I’m living in Brookline, I’m a suburban matron in Brookline. I’ve got the kid, I take the kid to nursery school, I’ve got an apartment. I’ve got furniture† (pg. 163). With this quote, the author establishes that not only did Lisa get out of McLean hospital, but she has a child of her own that she is taking care of very well. This demonstrates Lisa’s independence because it shows how she was able to get out of the hospital, and make a life of her own instead of depending on the attendants working at the facility. Also, Kaysen refers to a few incidents where Lisa is put in seclusion and kept away from the other patients for a couple days; â€Å"Seclusion worked. After a day or night in there with nothing to do, most people calmed down† (pg 47). This quote from the novel demonstrates how being in isolation and having some time to your own thoughts can help those with mental illnesses establish more independence. This is because when secluded, you must care for yourself instead of relying on others, which Lisa had to do. The second example that Kaysen refers to in the book is the patients connection with the head nurse Valerie; â€Å"Valerie was strict and inflexible and she was the only staff person we trusted. We trusted her because she wasn’t afraid of us† (pg 83). This quote exemplifies that being in this hospital helped Kaysen and the other girls to form relationships with people other than the patients. The author refers to the trust all the patients have with Valerie, and being in the hospital helped them gain this trust. Kaysen talks about how Valerie is unlike any of the other doctors because she does not treat them like they are crazy; â€Å"Valerie was a relief from that. The only phrase she used was acting out, and she used it correctly, to mean â€Å"getting in my hair and driving me crazy†. She said things like â€Å"cut that out† and â€Å"you’re a bore†. She said what she meant, just as we did† (pg 84). Because of the bond Kaysen and the other patients have formed with Valerie, they have learned to be more social and to experience a relationship with trust and loyalty. The patients were able to gain trust for Valerie because she treats them like normal people, and does not single them out because they are mentally unstable. Finally, the relationship between Kaysen and herself is the final example in the novel. Throughout the novel, the author finds herself arguing a lot with her own thoughts. Kaysen states that â€Å"[m]ental illness [is] a communication problem between interpreters one and two† (pg 139), referring to the two interpreters in her head controlling her thoughts. The writer also states; â€Å"I knew I wasn’t mad and that they wouldn’t keep me there† (pg 42), knowing that she would be able to make it out sometime soon by showing everyone that she was not crazy. Kaysen proves this by explaining to her doctors and therapists her thoughts and emotions. By trying to prove to them she is not crazy, she comes to terms with her problems and realizes she is not mad. Before this, the author says that if you were to act out like this is the hospital you would be put in seclusion, and â€Å"[s]eclusion worked† (pg 47). Being put in seclusion helped the patients because it let them have time to their own thoughts, and to be by themselves. This, intern made the girls do things for themselves, making them want to get out and pursue that. After Kaysen spent this time in the hospital, she was able to face her fears and come to terms with her diagnosis. This in the end, set Kaysen free because she was able to get out and live her life without having to be analyzed. Through the author’s relationships with Lisa, Valerie and herself, Kaysen is able to portray that mental institutions help those who are put in it by letting them gain independence, be more social and set them free. Kaysen states that she â€Å"got better and can’t explain why† (pg 158). Essentially, in order for those who have a mental illness to get better they need to get professional help, and this can be found in a mental institution. Works Cited: Kaysen, Susanna. Girl, Interrupted. New York: Vintage Books, 1994. Print.

5-Paragraph Argumentative Essay on Abortion

5-Paragraph Argumentative Essay on Abortion 5-Paragraph Argumentative Essay on Abortion In the modern world, the debate on whether abortion should be legalized has dominated discussions for years. While some people see abortion as murder, others believe that abortion should be allowed in the case of ‘unwanted’ pregnancy. This is when the pregnancy was not planned, and the mother is either not ready to have a child, or the birth of the child may pose a danger to the mother and the child. When one participates in this debate constructively, you need to prepare a well-structured essay that demystifies the issues surrounding the abortion issue. Such an essay can be an important tool that people can use to support, or oppose, the issue of legalizing abortion. A 5-paragraph argumentative essay on abortion should include the following five points: The first paragraph should introduce the debate and the contested issues concerning abortion. For instance, the writer should explain who supports legalization of abortion, and who does not. The writer should also give the reasons why people have these differing opinions. The second paragraph should explore one side of the debate. For instance, the writer can explore whether abortion should be legalized and whether such action of legalization of abortion will be a violation of human rights, ethics, laws governing the society, and the rights of any specific member of a group of the society. The third paragraph should explore the other side of the debate. In this case, the writer should explain why legalization of abortion is vital and the conditions under which it should be allowed. The writer can explain what the repercussions would be if the state does not legalize the issue of abortion and what society stands to lose by having a blanket ban on abortion. The fourth paragraph should explore the validity of the arguments that both sides provide. The literature on the issues that the writer raises in support of the issue of abortion and its legalization should be discussed. The writer can use legal arguments as part of its presentation, or, religious arguments to credit or discredit the arguments of both sides of the debate. The fifth paragraph should present the facts that emerged in the previously written paragraphs. Since the fifth paragraph is the concluding paragraph, the writer can give his/her personal opinion based on the facts presented. Why not to try our professional essay writing service designed to help students with writing college essays. Get a custom paper on Abortion now!

KOSOVO independence AND KOSOVO FACTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

KOSOVO independence AND KOSOVO FACTS - Essay Example In exchange, Kosovo will eventually gain self governance as guided by EU. Last year (September 10, 2012), Kosovo was given full autonomy when UN and EU peacekeeping forces withdraw its forces from Kosovo after 13 years of UN and EU oversight. Kosovo’s Declaration of Independence was adopted on February 17, 2008 at a meeting of the Assembly of Kosovo declaring itself to be independent from its former host country Serbia. The declaration of independence meant that it will be accorded its own national symbols such as a flag and coat and arms and have its own territory demarcated on its borders. This declaration however was rejected and not recognized by Serbia. Negotiations ensued and when the negotiation did not improve, Kosovo declared its independence unilaterally as Republic of Kosovo with the sight of abiding with the Ahtisaari plan in full when it formulated its own Constitution drafted by Constitutionalist both local and abroad. The law was to take effect in June of 2008, meaning, Kosovo’s formal independence will take into effect and its commitment to Ahtisaari plan of minorities guarantee of their rights and representation in the new government. The Declaration of Independence by Kosovo drew mixed reactions. For one, the northern region which is composed mainly Serbs were sympathetic towards Serbia and thus remained under Serbia’s effective control of which the latter refused to relinquish control despite UN’s order in exchange of full membership in the EU. As expected, the declaration of independence of Kosovo was also contested by Serbia in the UN’s International Court of Justice claiming that it was illegal. The court however decided in favor of Kosovo in October of 2008 by declaring that Kosovo’s declaration of its own independence did not violate any international law. Until now, Kosovo is still in the process of creating its own

Finance - Personal Financial Planning Assignment

Finance - Personal Financial Planning - Assignment Example You have no plans to increase the size of your family in the near future. Estimate your total insurance needs using the DINK method.   Assume $5,000 for funeral expenses. The Kelleher family has health insurance coverage that pays 80 percent out-of-hospital expenses after a $500 deductible per person. If one family member has doctor and prescription medication expenses of $2,800, what amount would the insurance company pay? Becky Fenton has 25/50/10 automobile insurance coverage. If two other people are awarded $15,000 each for injuries in an auto accident in which Becky was judged at fault, how much of this judgment would the insurance cover? People always   want to achieve different goals in terms of financial achievement. They are the basic rules that one needs to follow to come up with a good and comprehensive finical plan that will not affect his/her income. The first thing you need to know is your current financial income. This will enable you to plan accurately. The second is developing a financial target. This will make you remain focused on what you do. Also one needs to know what are the alternatives one has in case one side fails or an emergency occurs. Every decision you make must have an alternative and a course of action. Creation of financial plan should be another factor. One needs to choose his or her goals clearly either long term or short term ones. For example one can buy things in higher purchases to attain long term goal. Finally is reviewing your plan time and again as it   is dynamic and tend to change now and then .This is to enable accommodation of more factors that come along the

Starbucks Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Starbucks Case Analysis - Essay Example The object of analysis for the purpose of this assignment is Starbucks, a vibrant international organization that offers a variety of products in the market, with its core business being the production and sale of coffee-based products. The company’s products are quite varied and include Frappuccino, double shot products, chilled cup coffees, canned and bottled coffees, coffee ice creams, fresh brewed coffee, customer CDs, and books. The company has an international market and features in countries including China, USA, UK, Europe and Canada. The company’s initial mission was to be the World’s premier purveyor of finest coffee without compromising its core principles. Currently, the company’s mission is to inspire and nurture the human spirit - one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. The company’s vision is to open 300 net new stores locally and internationally. The company strategically intends to position itself as the undisputed coff ee authority with a global presence. Like every other organization, Starbucks has its strengths and weaknesses. The strengths of any organization propel it toward greater success while its weaknesses pose a challenge to its continued success and existence. Yet again, every business organization exists in an environment what impacts its activities either positively or negatively. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis will be applied in analyzing the position of Starbucks relative to its competitors and success. Strengths Starbucks as a company has a long history having been founded in 1971(Shah and Thompson, nd). The company has undergone significant growth over the years establishing itself as a preferred band across geographical and territorial borders. Having been in operation with a history of success and a good reputation, the company is bound to achieve more success as it can easily capture a greater market share. The company’s success histor y has been overseen by a dedicated management team. Under the leadership of Howard Schultz, the management team has seen the company achieve significant growth in various lines of business. Orin Smith, Jim Donald and other directors of the company had a wealth of experience in their various specialties their weaknesses not withstanding. Currently, Howard Schultz remains the CEO of the company, his dedication and brilliant management and leadership skills bound to make the company retain its success path. Starbucks endevours to be a great place to work(Shah and Thompson, nd). In this respect, it has taken several measures to ensure employee motivation, satisfaction, and dedication. The company’s employees are knowledgeable about the company’s products and services and are free to communicate their ideas and feelings to management without the fear of facing reprisals. Some of the benefits that the company’s employees enjoy include healthcare coverage, opportunity to own stock, and good work environments. Furthermore, the employees are trained on various aspects in respect of the company’s products and services. Their contributions to the company are well recognized as the company has a recognition program. The situation that the company is in as a result of these measures is healthy considering that motivated and satisfied employees are never easy to lose. The company’s turnover rate is significantly low which means that it benefits a lot in terms of high reputation as a good employer, provides high quality service due to its highly experienced workforce and suffers low hiring and training costs. The company has a strong and loyal customer base across different countries. The company is bound to glide in success with such a level of trust from its huge customer base. The company has instituted a number of measures to ensure that its customers are served wherever they are by opening several stores in various locations and throug h its franchises. Starbucks has a strong mission and is guided by principles that are

Carbon Nanotubes for Drug Delivery Review

Carbon Nanotubes for Drug Delivery Review Using the functionalized carbon nanotubes and other nanomaterials to deliver the antimicrobial drugs, is one of the most applications of carbon nanotubes. Several studies were conducted about this topic. Amphotericin B (AMB) is one of the first antimicrobials to be delivered with CNTs. Wei Wu et al. studied the Targeted Delivery of Amphotericin B to Cells by using Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes, they used oxidized MWCNTs that were functionalized with AMB and FITC. They found that at equivalent AMB concentration of 10  µg/mL, this CNT conjugate was found to be significantly less cytotoxic to Human Jurkat lymphoma T cells as compared to pristine AMB. This CNT-AMB construct was able to penetrate cells rapidly within 1 h of incubation by spontaneous piercing mechanism without causing cell death. Finally, They evaluated the antifungal activity of CNTs,functionalized with AmB, against three species of fungi(Candida parapsilosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans). In this experiment, they used AmB that was covalently linked to ammonium functionalized multi- and single-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT-AmB and SWNT-AmB). The functionlized forms was found to be more potent than free A MB possibly due to enhanced drug solubility and the presence of multiple copies of AMB per CNT molecule (i.e. the multivalence effect) leading to improved binding affinity between the drug and its target.177 In another separate paper by the same group, a similar MWCNTs AMB construct and a newly designed SWCNTs-AMB conjugate with PEG linker were prepared with AMB loading of 25% and 10% w/w, respectively. These conjugates were tested for their antifungal activities in comparison to pristine AMB and a conventional colloidal dispersion AMB deoxycholate formulation. Both MWCNTs-AMB construct and SWCNTs-AMB conjugate were considerably more than AMB alone. Some fugal strains which were resistant to free AMB showed a significant response to the MWCNT-based AMB conjugate.178 In another study performed by Pruthi et al., AMB was physically adsorbed on mannosylated MWCNTs inorder to treat leishmaniasis by achieving specific delivery of the drug to macrophages. the mannosylated MWCNTs had high affinity to bind lectins and were able to be uptaken by macrophages in sufficient amount. but the result of this study is unfortunately insufficient to support macrophage-targeting because a control experiment with non-mannosylated MWCNTs was not performed. Although AMB was adsorbed onto the mannosylated MWCNTs and demonstrated a sustained in vitro release profile, the use of Rh B-loaded mannosylated MWCNTs for intracellular fluorescence imaging of macrophages is inconclusive because Rh B could be detached from the MWCNTs before it enters macrophages, which means that the observed fluorescence is due to free Rh B not the MWCNTs-loaded with Rh B.179 Apart from AMB, dapsone is another example of antimicrobial that has been  successfully delivered with CNTs. It is an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drug that can be used to treat many diseases such as malaria, leprosy, AIDS-associated toxoplasmosis and other diseases.180 Some bacterial species developed resistance to dapsone so experiments was started to deliver dapsone with CNTs and fortunately it was delivered successfully. Dap-MWCNTs was formed by functionalizing dapsone onto oxidized MWCNTs. Dap-MWCNTs were first tested on rat peritoneal macrophages it was rapidly ingested with predominant endosomal localization without significant cytotoxicity. Dap-MWCNTs showed many advantages as it induced less apoptosis than oxidized MWCNTs and had a lower degree of oxidative stress. On the other hand, apoptosis of macrophages is important for clearance of intracellular pathogen, so the delayed apoptosis seen by Dap-MWCNTs may be counterintuitive in the treatment of infection.181 In anoter study, Pazufloxacin mesylate, an antibiotic belonging to the class of fluoroquinolones, was adsorbed onto MWCNTs functionalized with ethylenediamine. In vitro release suggested that the adsorption of pazufloxacin consists of two phases, the first one is a rapid burst release followed by a second phase of sustained release. The total amount of released pazufloxacin from the amino-functionalized CNTs was higher at pH 5.7 than pH 7.0, due to increase hydrophilicity in acidic condition. This could be advantageous in the treatment of infections, due to the acidic environment of the infected cells.182 In another hand, gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was incorporated into collagen hydrogel doped with 1% w/w CNTs which served as an additive to enhance the physical stability of the hydrogel and retard the release of gentamicin. The retarded release effect had took a place in the formation of irregular CNT network in the hydrogel which impeded solvent diffusion. However, The presence of CNTs can induce a simple chemical attraction between CNTs and gentamicin, and hence improve the drug loading which could affect the drug release rate.183 In addition, chloroquine is an anti-malarial drug that also possesses lysomotropic effect. Due to their ability to cause swelling and rupture of endocytic vesicles, lyosomotropic compounds have been proposed to be used as an additive to enhance gene transfection by enabling timely escape and minimizing degradation of delivered genetic material in lysosomes. For further enhancement of gene delivery with CNTs, chloroquine was loaded onto DWCNTs coated with cationic polymer PEI and plasmid encoding for luciferase. Chloroquine can be released from the CNTs in acidic condition.Coating chloroquine with cationic polymer and plasmid can strongly affect chloroquine loading. Transfection efficiency can be improved up to five folds by introduction of chloroquine compared to a non-chloroquine loaded control. Unfortunately this construct has limited uses as a biocompatible transfecting agent because it was found to have more cytotoxic effects to cells than the non-chloroquine loaded control and f ree chloroquine. In the future, this construct might prove to be effective as a treatment of intracellular malaria infection and the excellent intracellular delivery of chloroquine can explain the higher observed cytotoxicity.184 In another study, Annamalai Senthil Kumar et al. used an electrochemical route for highly selective immobilization of amoxicillin (AMX) on multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE/[emailprotected]), without any linkers and surface functionalization. In order to reveal the immobilization of AMX both on the inner and outer (surface) walls of the carbon nanotubes. They usedX-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, they tested its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis in comparison with the unmodified AMX and MWNT using disk diffusion method. They found that [emailprotected] has enhanced antibacterial activity against the three bacterial pathogens185 Liangliang Ji et al. studied the adsorption of two sulfonamide to MWCNTs. Nonporous, pure graphite was used as a comparative adsorbent The results revealed thatthe two sulfonamides have a strong adsorption to both MWNT and graphite which can be explained by( Ï€-Ï€ electron coupling)186 In another study, Xin Zhang et al, studied the adsorption of sulfamethoxazole on different carbon nanotube typesand compared the results with the adsorption to natural sorbents including soils, sediments and sludges. Many properties of carbon nanotubes contributed to the adsorption process such as surface area, diameters and surface functional groups. They showed that the adsorption coefficients of SMX on CNTs were generally twicehigher in magnitude than other natural sorbents..187 Also, Liangliang Ji et al. studied the effect of aqueous solution chemical characteristics on the tetracycline adsorption onSWNT and MWNTsuch as the effect of ionic strength (NaCl and CaCl2), the results showed that th ere is an inverse relationship between the ionic strength and the tetracycline adsorption on both SWNT and MWNT. They also studied the effect of Cu2†+ion (7.5 mg/L) that showeda higher tetracycline adsorption rate to both SWNT and MWNT due to cation bridging mechanism. They finally studied the effect of dissolved soil coal humic acids (50 mg/L) , and the results revealed that these acids have a minimal effect on SWNT while on graphite and MWNT it has a suppression effect on tetracycline adsorption.188 According to ciprofloxacin, S.A.C. Carabineiro et al. studied the adsorption capacity of ciprofloxacin on three types of carbon based materials: activated carbon, carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon xerogel that were functionalized through oxidation with nitric acid then they were heat treated at different temperatures (between 350 and 900  °C) under a flow of N2. They demonstrated that the adsorption capacity affected inversely when the samples were treated with nitric acid. While thermal treatments, especially at 900 °C after oxidation, enhance adsorption performance.189 In another study, S. Ashok Kumar and Sea-Fue Wang studied the stabilizing of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by aqueous solution of ciprofloxacin. It was found that MWCNTs can be stabilized by ciprofloxacinand the dispersions were stable for more than a month.190 Recently, Haibo Li et al. studied the effect of PH and temperature on the adsorption of ciprofloxacin on different functionalized CNTs like: carboxyliz ed (MC), hydroxylized (MH), single-walled CNTs (SW)and graphitized multi-walled CNTs (MG).They found thatSW had the highest absorption rate for ciprofloxacin among all CNTs due to its largest surface area and they found that this is true for all PHs .Also, ciprofloxacinsorption was thermodynamically favorable For SW, while the reverse process was observed for MC and MG. For MH, ciprofloxacin sorption firstly increased then decreased with increasing temperature.191 Apart from using carbon nanotubes to deliver antimicrobial drugs, other nanmaterials were used form the same purpose. For example, Renjis T. Tom et al. prepared Ciprofloxacin-Protected Gold Nanoparticles of two different mean diameters, 4 and 20 nm. they used different analytical techniques to study the adsorption of ciprofloxacin molecule on gold nanoparticle surface. The voltammetric and spectroscopic studies confirmed that nitrogen atom of the NH moiety of piperazine group can bind strongly to Au nanoparticles. These particles are stable in dry state and at room temperature. This study showed that the release of molecule from the particles depends on the size of particles and is more in the basic medium than in pure water. These particles were found to have many application because their fluorescent nature. Finally, This study shows that metal nanoparticles could be useful carriers for ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolone molecules.192 Regarding to liposome, many other examples have also been developed for various applications. For ciprofloxacin, M Magallanes et al. were prepared Liposomes that incorporated ciprofloxacin by dehydration-rehydration procedure to treat Salmonella Dublin in mice sp leens. Their results revealed that a single injection of liposome-incorporated ciprofloxacin (LIC) was 10 times more effective than a single injection of free drug at preventing mortality.193 Another example conducted by MURRAY S. WEBB et al. who encapsulated ciprofloxacin into large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) and studied their antibacterial efficacy in vivo against Salmonella typhimurium in mice infected with intracellular S. typhimurium. They noticed that the LUV composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol (DPPC/chol), distearoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol (DSPC/chol), or sphingomyelin-cholesterol (SM/chol) increased the circulation lifetime of ciprofloxacin after intravenous (i.v.) administration by >15-fold. In another hand, the retention of ciprofloxacin in liposomes in the circulation decreased in the sequence SM/chol > DSPC/chol > DPPC/chol. It was noticed that after the adminsrtation of Liposomal ciprofloxacin,intravenously and intraperitoneally to mice, they conferred significant increases in the longevity of the drug in the plasma after intraperitoneal administration and in the lungs after intratracheal administration in comparison to free ciprofloxacin and the concentration of drug in the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys is also increased. Also, they concludedthat it extended survival and reduced the number of bacteria in the liver and spleen after studying The efficacy of a single i.v. administration of an SM/chol formulation of ciprofloxacin in a Salmonella typhimurium infection mode l. The encapsulated formulation resulted in 103 to 104 fold fewer viable bacteria in the livers and spleens of infected mice than was observed for animals treated with free ciprofloxacin. These results confirmed that the utility of liposomal encapsulation of ciprofloxacin improved the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and antibacterial efficacy of the antibiotic.194 In another study, when negatively charged liposomes are used, ciprofloxacin efficiently inhibits the growth of M. avium in vitro in a murine macrophage-like cell line and this results also were observed in vivo by using specific stealth liposomes in a mouse model of tuberculosis infection.195 Regarding to Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), a study conducted by D. Jain and R. Banerjee to develop single dose delivery systems based on nanotechnology for prolonged antibiotic release in a controlled manner. In this study they prepared ciprofloxacin hydrochloride-loaded nanoparticles using four different natural carrier materials: albumin, gelatin, chitosan (CS), and lipid [solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)] . They compared them on the basis of particle size, electro-kinetic stability, entrapment efficiency, and drug release. Their Results suggested that CS nanoparticles and SLNs were found to be promising formulations for sustained ciprofloxacin release especially for local delivery in ocular and skin infections.196 Finally, concerning to polymeric nanoparticles as nanoantibiotics to deliver ciprofloxacin, several studies were carried out. Fawaz et al. encapsulated the synthetic drug ciprofloxacin in polyisobutylcyanoacrylate (PIBCA) nanoparticles. Thay studied their pharmacokinetic after intravenous infusion to the rabbit. The results revealed that ciprofloxacin-loaded PIBCA/NP led to increased AUC, t1/2 and Vd, and to a decreased Cl as compared with free form of drug. In addition, they tested these nanoparticles against a M. avium infection in a human macrophage culture, it was found that ciprofloxacin-loaded PIBCA/NP was more effective than unbound ciprofloxacin. In spite of this, the efficacy of ciprofloxacin associated with nanoparticles was much lower than anticipated due to the cytotoxicity of the polymeric material that was observed at concentrations higher than 80 mg of PIBCA per ml.197 another study carried out by Dillen et al. to prepare Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles incorp orating ciprofloxacin HCl by using W/O/W emulsification solvent evaporation method. They used poly(vinylalcohol) as a stabilizer. They studied of different preparation factors on the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles. Thee microbiological activity on two types of microorganisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, was tested. the activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus of the nanoparticles and aqueous solution was comparable.198 While Rosemary et al. investigated the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin-encapsulated silica nanoshells that were synthesized from [emailprotected] core-shell nanoparticles. In the case of Escherichia coli DH5R better antibacterial activity was showed in comparison with free ciprofloxacin, but the same activity was observed for Lactococcus lactis MG 1363. Also, nanoparticles were shown to enter the bacterial cell to exert their antibacterial effect by fluorescence imaging studies that conducted using fluorescein [emailprote cted]199 Last study carried out by Abeylath et al. where they synthesized glycosylated polyacrylate nanoparticles that had covalently-bounded three antibiotics (N-sec-butylthio b-lactam, ciprofloxacin, and a penicillin ) within their framework. The results of the microbiological test showed that the N-sec-butylthio b-lactam and ciprofloxacin nanoparticles both had powerful in vitro activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis, while the penicillin-bound nanoparticles had no antimicrobial activity

Cults in our Midst :: Essays Papers

Cults in our Midst The book "Cults in our Midst", tells all about the problems of cults and what you should look for when trying to notice if someone is getting involved in a cult. It has many different ideas on what makes a cult and the problems that they put on our society. The interesting part of this book to our group was how it explained how cults use mind manipulation on people to get them to join a cult. It explains in a very efficient format how a cult goes about recruiting its members. The methods that cults use are not very ethical but the author does not approach the subject by choosing a side but instead lets the reader decide if what cults do is good or bad. I think that this was a good way to approach the reader because often times the author can sway his or her audience very easily by only stating the negative or positive side of a subject. I feel that the author had a very good hold on the subject and did a good job at bringing the information across a not a lot of opinions. I also got a lot of my information from a website. The website's address is www.factnet.org. It contained a lot of information on the use of mind control and cults. It had a lot of different ideas about approaches that cults took to entice members to join them. They had many useful links and information was put on the website in a manner that made it easy for you to find information on any area that you were interested in. They have a couple of paragraphs on each section that gives you a quick overview of the subject. If you would like to get more information on that subject matter they give you references and also links to other sites that would help you in your research.

Hot Seat Chapter 16 Essay

1 . The fundamental ideas associated with the mercantile theory were: that everything was to benefit the mother country, each nation was trying to achieve self-sufficiency, colonies and agriculture would improve economy and raw materials, and the country must benefit at the expense of others. For the most part, these ideas along with a few other minor pieces helped European nations to conquer much of the New and old world. Great Britain was the most successful with a vast overseas empire through North America, the West Indies, Africa and into India. They governed their colonies effectively and efficiently maximizing power and economic strength over the world. The least successful would probably be Portugal. They initially started out strong, finding trade routes along Africa into Asia and conquering Brazil, however by the 18th century their empire had diminished to slight control of Brazil and almost no other colonies. 2. The main points of conflict between Britain and France in North America were in the St. Lawrence River valley and the Ohio River valley. These areas were huge enters of trade and influence of the Native Americans that both the French and English desired. In the West Indies the conflict was mainly over crops and through naval battles. These skirmishes affected overseas trade and the flow of resources. In India, the conflict was mainly restricted to port cities and factories set up by the early English and French settlers along the Indian subcontinent. 3. Triangle trade was an extremely useful trading method to transport goods, raw materials, and resources between Europe, the Americas, and Africa. European sailors ould travel down to Africa and exchange weapons (mostly) for African slaves from West African kings. These slaves were typically prisoners of war that the rival African cities wanted to get rid of. Europeans would transport these slaves to the West Indies and North American colonies were they would be traded for bullion and raw materials found and grown in the New World. Finally those ships would take the materials back to Europe were they could be sold and traded to the rest of the world. Triangle trade was an effective way for mercantilist empires to become more self- ufficient and grow economically. 4. Initially, the Spanish conquered and controlled the largest empire in the Americas. They had colonies in much of the rich West Indies, all throughout Central America, most of South America, and the South West of North America. They would split much of their territories into Judicial councils called audiencias. Each audiencia had a local official loyal to the Spanish crown called a Corregidor. Before the Bourbon reforms, Queen Isabella had assigned much of the colonial control to the Council of the Indies, hich nominated viceroys for the New World. Trade was mostly ruled by a flota system of yearly shipping with Spain. With the Bourbon reforms, Charles Ill attemoted to reassert Spanish control over the colonies. He allowed more than one Spanish city (Cadiz) to trade with the New World and opened more Caribbean ports. colonists) as the heads of society. They were the elites while the creoles were subordinate. 5. Slavery was introduced to the Americas through the triangle trading networks where large numbers of blacks were brought over form Africa. This wasn’t the first nstitution of slavery, however it is one of the worst recordings of slavery throughout history. Slavery became a fundamental part of the plantation system and completely necessary to the New World colonies’ economies. Without slaves, much of the intense economic growth experienced by the New World and Europe would not have occurred. The plantation system helped drive inhumane treatment of slaves because they were then seen as property, farm tools, that could be replaced. When they misbehaved or didn’t function properly, the plantation owners would either fix them through torture) or kill them. Despite the harsh treatment of slaves, our country and many others would arguably never have gotten to where it is today without them. 6. By the end of the Seven Years’ War, France and Austria came out defeated. In Europe, almost no borders or politics changed. Germany was still disputed and Prussia remained a strong power with England at its back. In North America, France lost all of their colonies and possessions. England and her North American colonies defeated the French and with the Treaty of Paris, cast them out. The only real foothold France now held in the New World were through its West Indies possessions. Great Britain now came out as a world power and probably the strongest nation up until the USA’s uprising. 7. Many European, especially British, events and ideas helped influence the American Revolution and drive the colonists to rebel. The John Wilkes affair which challenged the Kings power and the influence of Parliament. John Wilkes criticized the peace negotiations with France after the Seven Years’ War and gained much support from mall property owners and the nobles who wished to drain the kings power. America saw these demonstrations of proof as to the tyrannical nature of a monarchy. The Glorious Revolution also showed to the colonists how sometimes a new government must be instated to protect the people. Thinkers like John Locke and Thomas Paine also widely influenced the minds of many Americans. The American Revolution also caused a domino effect over much of the New World colonies like Haiti and other South American areas. It displayed the Enlightenment characteristics and helped inspire the French revolution. Great British political radicals saw that taxation of their North American colonies as far and Just. England had protected and defended them throughout the Seven Years’ War and they must share some of the burden. Also, American colonists paid significantly less taxes than the English citizens in Great Britain so they had no reason to complain. Americans were outraged because they were only represented through virtual representation. They felt that if the Parliamen t wished to tax the colonies, they must give them fair representation in Parliament, â€Å"no taxation without

Love in Romeo and Juliet

Love in Romeo and Juliet When playing a game of poker, we often find that our hand provides us with some good cards and some bad ones. The same is true for the play of Romeo and Juliet. Franklin M. Dickey explains that "Romeo and Juliet die... only as the result of a series of mistakes and misunderstandings" (467). What Dickey is saying is that the deaths of Romeo and Juliet only occur because of a series of misdeals or, in this case, a series of mistakes. Unfortunately for Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare decided not to play their cards right, and therefore their lives turned out to be the cost of this deadly game.While shuffling through the characters of the play, Friar Lawrence sticks out in my mind. The friar played a huge role in the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. Perhaps his first mistake was his initial plan to marry them. It almost seems that Friar Lawrence is the dealer of this story, because he begins the game by starting the initial union between the two "star-crossed lovers" (Shakespeare, prologue).Rom eo and Juliet, Act I-Scene_3. Lady Capulet and ...Without him, Romeo and Juliet would not have married and therefore may not be dead. The friar seems to only see the good side of a situation, without ever considering the consequences if the game changes its course. Instead of considering how marriage between the feuding family's children could be dangerous, he only exclaims, "For this alliance may so happy prove/to turn your households' rancor to pure love" (II, iii, 98-99). Friar Lawrence can also be put to blame specifically in the death of Juliet. After hearing noises from the tomb's surroundings, he warns to Juliet, "come, go, good Juliet. I dare no longer stay" (V, iii, 164). To his surprise, Juliet responds, "go, get thee hence, for I will not away" (V,

Ataque imperialista contra Irak essays

Ataque imperialista contra Irak essays Los ms importantes ataques areos estadounidenses desde la guerra del Golfo, en enero de 1991, golpearon a Irak en enero y junio de 1993 y en septiembre de 1996. Entre tanto, como en febrero de este an de la diplomacia estadounidense ante lo que se presenta a la opinin pà ºblica internacional como continuos desafà ­os de Saddam Hussein. Para esa salida tiene siempre el apoyo incondicional de Gran Bretan en el gobierno. Los tres primeros ataques tras la guerra del Golfo, en enero de 1993, fueron ordenados por el presidente George Bush; ms tarde, ese mismo as comprobado plan del servicio secreto iraquà ­ para matar a Bush, atentado que serà ­a cometido durante una visita a Kuwait. Tres as tarde, a pesar de las crà ­ticas y la oposicin de rusos, rabes y franceses, Clinton "castig" una invasin de tropas iraquà ­es en la zona de exclusin del norte del paà ­s -supuesta proteccin para los kurdos- con 44 misiles. El apoyo rabe a las fuerzas internacionales que intervinieron en la operacin "Tormenta del desierto", en 1991, no fue por cierto circunstancial. Provino bsicamente de las monarquà ­as del golfo Prsico que reaccionaron ante el cambio de fronteras impuesto unilateralmente por Irak -al invadir a Kuwait- y estaba dirigido a defender sus intereses petroleros. Hace siete a fracturar al Islam, unido desde entonces slo para defender la causa palestina. Intentos estadounidenses ms recientes por una solucin exclusivamente militar tuvieron -como a c...

Leading Organization Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leading Organization Change - Essay Example Macro level (big scale - organizational level causes) Demand for Little-bit's product has been strong, however, quality decrease because of organizational culture. Little-bit's reputation is crumbling because of its managers' negative public statements. Fairly flat structure of Little-bit. Micro level (small scale - group/individual level causes) Members of the organization has their own agenda, the whole organization is not working for the company's vision and objectives. The leaders also divided, they decide individually. Too many members of the management, the functions and responsibilities overlap. 3. Identify which of the four systems are affected - e.g. Interpersonal, Techno-structural, Human processes, Strategic. Note: Using Text Book The most affected by change is the strategic system, because change is simply unavoidable in the business world. The advent of globalization and information technology taught organizations well that change is necessary. To become stagnant is to deprive the organization of its chances to survive in a harsh, unpredictable and rapidly changing business environment. 4. Identify which organizational metaphors (machines or political or organisms or flux and transformation ) are generally applied by members of the organization Note: Using concept stated in S_Reading 4.6 The members of Little-bit are applying the organizational metaphors such as organisms (it is important to maximize to fit between individual, team and organizational needs), cultures and political system (the company applies autocracy and there are coalitions between individuals that is more important than work teams). 5. Identify which new metaphors (machines or political or organisms or flux and...For example, if you selected a theoretical approach that indicated that managers are capable of shaping their environment, then you would need to select interventions and other factors that are consistent with this approach. The most affected by change is the strategic system, because change is simply unavoidable in the business world. The advent of globalization and information technology taught organizations well that change is necessary. To become stagnant is to deprive the organization of its chances to survive in a harsh, unpredictable and rapidly changing business environment. The members of Little-bit are applying the organizational metaphors such as organisms (it is important to maximize to fit between individual, team and organizational needs), cultures and political system (the company applies autocracy and there are coalitions between individuals that is more important than work teams). Little-bit should apply the concept of "organizations as machines" because in this metaphor change must be driven and resistance can be managed. The company's objectives can be set at the beginning of the process and can give the direction. 7. Identify which meta-model of change is most appropriate.

My story of growth and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

My story of growth and development - Essay Example I have memories of the best years of my life in school. It was my home away from home. Some of my classmates were my best buddies and I could relate to them in spite of some embarrassing situations I found myself in at school. Situations such as bunking class one day and freaking out all alone and getting into a fistfight with another student. However, these were isolated incidents. Other than these, the times in school were eventful with good happenings such as the annual drama, elocution contest and school elections.On the whole, I had a good background, except some problematic situation at home. My father and mother did not see eye to eye and spent most of their time quarrelling with each other. This did not augur well for the family and it did have a profound effect on my own views about raising a family.I hail from a conservative family background. Due to my father’s occupation and also because of lack of schools in my neighbourhood, I had to frequently change schools in the early years as my family moved from one city to another during my childhood formative years, that is, up to the time, I was ten years of age.My father was a storekeeper and worked overseas up to the time I was six years of age. When he returned and found a job locally, we found that there was no school in the vicinity, and had to shift to another city about a hundred kilometres away from my father’s place of work.I found this arrangement quite suitable as I dreaded the sight of my father.... We were in the new city for one year and returned to the city where my father worked when someone started a new school here. However, the teaching standards were not to the desired level, and I had to return to the school in the same city I was earlier. I remained in this school for the rest of my school years and completed high school here. The end of my school years coincided with my father's retirement. We shifted to a cosmopolitan city where I found a job and also continued to do my college. I chose the arts stream as I always had fascination for literature. My years in college were not as carefree as my time in school. I had responsibilities. I had to pay my college fees and also give part of my income to my mother. I worked for a small automobile company where they manufactured mirrors for automobiles. It was a part time job, and I had enough time to attend college lectures and cover up the lessons on my own later on. The remuneration was not to my expectation but it was modest and I had some money left over to use as out of pocket expenses after paying my fees and giving some money to my mother. This was not entirely due to my salary as I was also receiving financial assistance from a church group in the neighborhood whom I had befriended (Growth and Development). In the meantime, my father returned to the city where he had worked previously. He could not adjust to the working conditions in the new place and also the situation at home was turning bad to worse for him. The children were growing up and challenging him when he picked fights with my mother. We could do without him. He returned to his earlier abode where he stayed till his

Reflective Journal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reflective Journal - Research Paper Example Below are different leadership theories that I thought are most important for the understanding ofthis subject (Bolden et. al, 2003): 1. The Trait Approach to Leadership: This theory is adopted from the Great Man theory which suggests that leaders are exceptional people having innate attributes which ultimately make them a leader. According to this theory some of the traits most common in leaders are: friendliness, motivation, doing group tasks, emotional control and many others (Ricketts, 2009). 2. McGregor’s Theory X & Theory Y Manager: According to him, Theory X managers dislike work and would try to avoid it and that they will have to be forced to work. Whereas Theory Y managers exhibit passion for work, self-direction and self-control to achieve goals. 3. The Hersey-Blanchard Model of Leadership: This model is based on situational perception of leadership. In my opinion a true leader can be identified when he or she is in a difficult situation. The theory states that there are two styles of leadership-Directive (one-way communication) and Supportive (interactive and mutual decision-making). The normative decision model was put forward by Victor Vroom and Phillip Yetton in 1973 and in the later years it was being modified by Victor with the collaboration of Arthur Jago. The theory states that the situational factors play a more important role in the decisions that are being taken by a leader than the leadership behavior he / she has adopted. The theory talks about five different sets of strategies. Two of the strategies are of autocratic styles, two from the consultative styles and one from the group decision makings. The personality of the leader plays an important role in achieving excellent leadership and perfect decision-making in the job market. Some of the traits that are important for good leadership at work are: Vision: One role of the leader is to communicate the vision and

Economic Development Record Essay Example for Free

Economic Development Record Essay Economies all around the globe develop over time depending on the policies that they undertake to utilise the resources within their boundaries. Nations that utilise their resources experience economic growth and there is great inflow and outflow of goods and services in those nations. Economic growth means that the nation is utilising its resources efficiently and this has resulted into increased productivity within the various sectors of the economy. Industries within the nation increase as a result of the improved economic performance that will result to the creation of more employment opportunities hence reducing unemployment levels in the nation (Daquila 2004). Due to the increase in the number of industries and output in the already existing industries, employment opportunities increase and this brings about a reduction in the number of citizens unemployed. Unemployment is very crucial in calculating a nations GDP which is an indicator to a nations performance. Economic growth depicts an increase in pa capita income. This is the income associated with every individual in the economy although they may not have it in their possession (Daquila 2004). Pa capita income is calculated by dividing the overall value of the economy proportionately divided between the nations overall economy. On the other hand, Daquila (2004) defines economic development as the improvement in the livelihood of individual citizens of a nation together with that of the systems that are in place in the nation. A nations system involves economic, political and social framework from which the economy operates in. All the above plus economic growth defines economic development. Economic performance is measured using various tools that include GNP and GDP. GDP estimates the economic performance giving consideration to internal and external trades (Daquila 2004). In establishing the GDP, consideration is given to consumption in the nation, expenditure by the Government, investments in the nation, trades in the nation that is imports and exports. Consumption comprises of perishable non-perishable goods and services within the nation. In determining the non-perishable goods they are assumed to be products that will last for a period of three years from the date of manufacturing. GNP refers to the difference between imported products and services and the exported products. The value of this difference added to the value of products services generated within the economy results to the GNP. To evaluate the economic performance of a nation, a number of indicators are used to measure exactly how the economy is progressing towards its economic objectives. A nation has to determine the level of consumption of its individual citizens (Todaro 1997). The level of consumption means the proportion an individual spends after receiving their income. The remaining part of the income is saved. The consumption level of a nation determines the amount of savings in the economy. Savings on the other hand, stimulates growth in the economy. When individuals increase their savings, the financial institutions hold more money thus the cost of accessing funds is low. Business entities in the nation are able to access funds at a low cost from the financial institutions. The borrowed funds are used for the expansion of business operations across the industries within the economy. The expansion of business activities results to an increase in national output and employment (Munk OHearn 1999). The increase in national output increases the exports of a nation in respect to its imports. The resulting balance of trade will be positive hence the nation has more in terms of foreign reserves that will assist them when it comes to purchasing produces from other countries. Therefore, savings are very vital for the improvement of the performance of an economy. T o induce savings in the economy, the opportunity cost of saving has to be high so that individuals can adopt a trend of saving since they are compensated bountifully for foregoing consumption. It can be concluded that increase in savings results to an increase in investments that contribute towards the growth of an economy. Increased activity within the economy results to an increase in production levels of the economy (Ros 2000). The nation is able to produce more products services, that are able to meet the needs of the nations population. Since the products are locally manufactured, they are quite affordable thus individuals are able to spend less and save more. This results to an increase in the real income that individuals have in their pockets and are ready to spend. It should be noted that increased production has to be met by equal consumption otherwise it could result to losses that will hurt the economy. Depending on the expansion of the economy, rates of unemployment adjust themselves in more or less the same rates. Increased production will require an increase in manpower that will be able to maintain the production levels. Nations with large populations face a major challenge in absorbing its citizens in the workforce. Individual citizens for a start need to have the relevant skills required to perform in different industries. Education in these economies has to be committed and directed towards instilling individuals with the necessary skills that will be useful in rendering service to the various sectors of the economy. A skilled population results to economic development since the individuals are prone to exercise their skill base towards living a better life thus contributing to the economys growth. Economic development depends also on the expenditure of the nations authority (Preston 1999). The government consists of various departments that oversee the implementation of policies that improve the state of the economy. These departments are given the financial power to implement and improve on the various economic aspects for example the development of basic infrastructure within the economy. In improving the infrastructure, the government releases money from its coffers to the public. This way, the supply of money increases to equal its demand. In most cases, when the Government spends on its development programs, money supply is more than the money demanded. If this situation is allowed to go unchecked it might result to inflation and later to stagflation; a situation where both the unemployment and inflation rates are so high. Therefore, Government involvement in an economy has to be considered carefully when undertaking development projects. Increased rates of production in an economy increases the output levels that may go over and beyond in meeting the local demand. Having satisfied the local demand, excess products can be exported to other nations. This facilitates international trade where nations exchange commodities they have in excess for commodities they do not have. Nations should avoid importing more and exporting less as this leads to a negative trade balance. This means that the nation spends more in foreign currency than it receives. Third world and developing nations should consider the above variables if they are to achieve spurred economic growth. They most important is to ensure that their population is skilled so that they can utilise their skills by establishing some income generating activity that will create employment opportunities and increase the total production of their economy. MALAYSIA. The present day Malaysia attained independence in the 1957 from the British administration and accorded the sovereign status in 1963 (Malaysia 2008). The Britons established themselves in early 1880s and later went on to control the state by establishing a self governing authority for the Malaysian people. The Federal States of Malaysia were incorporated in the 1895. The states were under the British control until when the Japanese invaded in 1942. Britain waged war over Japan and in 1945 the states where reinstated under the jurisdiction of the British. In 1948, guerilla movements begun protesting against the colonial authority that resulted to an emergency declaration. In 1965, the Federation state of Singapore disintegrated from the member nations opting for self governance. 1957 saw the attaining of independence of the Federation from the British authorities. In the late 1960s, the Malaysian government sought to balance the economy among its nationals so as to attain economic development by equal distribution of national wealth among its constituent communities (Malaysia 2007). Malaysia has got a rich culture that is evident from its diverse communities and language speaking citizens. Its population consists of Chinese speakers, Indians, English, among other languages (Malaysia 2007). The large population consists of Malaysian natives alongside Chinese, Indians and other local communities. Malaysia consists of individuals who practise different religious beliefs that include Hindu, Islam, Buddhist, Sikh among other religions. The richness of Malaysia presents it with a competitive workforce than any other nation in the world. The improved economic performance of Malaysia is as a result of a united people from different cultures and not allowing politics to ruin their nation. Malaysia has had to maintain a united nation and focussing on the togetherness of the nation by avoiding self interests. Malaysia is enriched with natural resources that include crude oil and that it has had to deal with the resource in a careful manner to avoid the negative repercussions that result from the unfair distribution of natural resource gains. Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The GDP reflects the total activity in the economy. This considers both the public and private sectors of the economy and their contribution towards the development of the economy. It also takes into consideration the behaviours of the citizens in regards to spending. Malaysias GDP has been increasing constantly from 1998-2008 at a rate of 6- 9 per cent. In 2007, the GDP stood at $357. 4 billion. Malaysias population is slightly higher than 26 million thus giving a pa capita income of $13,300 (UNDP 2008). The GDP in 1986 was at $28. 2 billion. The GDP increase signifies an increase in all major facets of the economy. Government spending has increased from 16. 4 in 1986 to 12. 0 in 2006. The Governments decision to reduce its spending avoids the negative impacts that result when money supply is more than the money demanded in the economy. Key sectors of the economy that have immensely contributed to the GDP are industrial sector that has been a leading contributor since 1986 to 2006 with a percentage of 49. 9 compared to 38. 5 in 1986. Manufacturing follows a close second with 29. 8% in 2006 from 19. 3% in 1986. The provision of services has also reduced from 41. 7% to 41. 3% in 2006. Lastly, agricultural sector has reduced its contribution to the GDP from 19. 8 per cent to 8. 7 per cent in 2006 (Malaysia 2007). The above data shows that the economy has shifted its dependency on agriculture as a contributor to the GDP. The economy has shifted its focus mainly from agriculture to industrialization where industries are the main contributors to the GDP. Industrial growth is a major boost to the Malaysian economy since it increases the nations production ability and is able to meet the demand of the nations internal demand. This has elevated Malaysia to an industrialized nation due to its potential ability to the production of services products. These increased production levels are able to meet local and international demand hence receiving foreign currencies that will result to a positive capital account. National Consumption and Savings. According to the World Bank report, the percentage of consumption by the citizens that was used in calculating the GDP decreased from 54. 2 in 1986 to 50. 3 in 2006. That of the government decreased from 16. 4 per cent to 12. 0 per cent . The mean growth per annum indicated the citizens consumption had decreased from 9. 1 to 7. 0 and Government spending reduced from 6. 5 to 5. 0. The figures show that both the Government and individuals in the nation have adopted a behaviour of saving or reducing their spending habits. By reducing spending, more is saved with the nations financial institutions as the individuals are compensated for foregoing consumption. Savings spur growth in the sense that investors will borrow funds and expand their business activities that will result to an increase production. The increase in production across the industry results to increase in the national output. An increase in national output will increase the nations participation in international trade thus achieving a favourable trade balance. Low government interference in the economy maintains a stable money supply within the economy. By maintaining stability in money supply in the economy, inflation is avoided since it negatively impacts the economy. Increased government expenditure increases the money supply in the economy. This increases the purchasing power of individuals in a way that they can be able to purchase goods and professional services in the country. This presents a situation whereby there is much money chasing few goods within the economy. To mop up this effect the regulating financial authority will need to increase its interest rates. This means that there will be an increase in cost of borrowing that will result to inaccessibility to funds by corporate organisations. Corporations will be unable to maintain their current levels of production thus the need to lay off its workers. This situation will be characterized by increase in unemployment rates, reducing national output and economic performance. The economy will not be performing at its optimum and will have wasted on its human resource. Therefore, Government involvement in large amounts destabilises a nations economic performance. Income and Output Growth Rates. The export of manufactured products have increased since 1986 from USD6. 009m to USD124. 530m in 2006 (World Bank). The above figures indicate that manufacturing has increased over time and that the economy has shifted its focus to increasing its industrial capacity. By increasing industrial capacity ensures that the nations industry is able to satisfy the ever growing demand of the nation. Economic development requires that a nation first satisfies its population fully before embarking on the satisfaction of outside markets. The nation is required to make sure that all key markets are satisfied and that the demand of a nation is met. These means that different industries will have the capability of serving different markets. Unless a nations population is satisfied, development of an economy is difficult. New industries are formed that provides the final consumer with a product similar to those of another company to enhance competition. Competition among industries ensures the production of quality products that will give the consumer a wide range of choice. Companies will strive to out do one another in both the primary and secondary markets. The increased income and output growth rates can be attributed to the rich natural resources that are found in the nation. The natural resources are raw materials that are processed into finished products that are exported to international countries. As of 2004, its partners included the US, Korea, Singapore, Germany, Japan, Hong Kong, Indonesia and China. Among the raw products include oil, copper, timber, natural gas and iron (Malaysia, 2007). Most industries in Malaysia are processing based located mainly on the western island. They process the raw materials that are extracted into finished products. It is due to this value addition that the nation is mainly industry based and most of the population is employed. The industries in Malaysia also deal in the production of textiles and electronic equipment. They development of industries in the large scale have contributed significantly to the development of the Malaysian economy. Employment and Unemployment Percentages. Malaysias population comprises of the elderly, the middle aged and the young. From the world bank report, children legible for enrolment into primary schools stood at 96 percent for both male female students in 2006. this indicates that the Malaysian government embraces education as a factor to economic development. A skilled population is economically beneficial since the individuals will strive to utilise their skill base towards achieving their own development that will later translate to economic development. One of the key issues addressed by the UNDP towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)is human capacity building which means that nation should ensure that they impart skills on their citizens by way of offering courses education to all its citizens and ensuring that it is affordable for all (UNDP). A nation that has an educated population is set to reap benefits from that same population because they will aim at exercising their knowledge in the various fields of expertise and also aim at developing products that will improve on the already existing ones therefore looking for new efficient ways of production. Malaysias literacy rate stands at 89 percent as of 2006 indicating that most of the population is skilled resulting to lower unemployment cases. Malaysia is among the developing nations and is striving to attain the MDGs that will direct them to achieving a developed world status. With about 5 per cent of land is available for farming, Malaysia cannot only depend on farming and that the population must acquire some knowledge in other activities. As of 2007, Malaysias unemployment rate stood at 3. 2 per cent and inflation rate stood at 2. 1 per cent. The Phillips Curve states that inflation and unemployment are inversely related whereby high inflation results to low unemployment rates and vice versa. This is because when there is high inflation in an economy, most of the population has got some amount of money therefore resulting to some form of engagement in income generating activities. Therefore Malaysia as an economy has really tried in dealing with unemployment levels by making sure that a large part of its population is skilled. The Malaysian Government has formulated a number of policies aimed at improving its economic performance for example the New Economic Policy of 1971 (Malaysia 2007). Government Budget Activity. Government involvement in an economy should be restricted for it can have diverse negative impacts on the economy. The government, however, has got to interfere with severally in the economy since it has to provide for social amenities such as water, education, infrastructure among others for they cannot be left to the control of the private sector. When providing for these amenities, the Government gets money from the state coffers and pays the contractors among other parties that will implement development policies in the nation resulting to increased money supply. By increasing money supply, prices of products rise since the demand for the products will also increase. This will lead to increased production of products and increase national output that will result to more employment opportunities. Therefore government interference is good in the short run as it will stimulate the economic activities. However, continued government interference will hurt the economy in the long run since more money is available in the nation thus raising the prices of the products in the economy. The soaring inflation will then destabilise the nations exchange rate that will depreciate. With the depreciating of the local currency, Ringgit, imports become expensive since industries and individuals will require more money to import products thus hindering the efficiency of engaging in international trade. From the world bank report 2006 on Malaysia, 99 per cent of the population has access to clean water supply. The government has therefore given preference to the basic resources that affects the Malay in their daily lives. The report also gives the figures for Government involvement as; current revenue has decreased from 26. 8 per cent in 1986 to 21. 6 per cent in 2006 while the overall budget balance has increased from a deficit of -0. 8 per cent in 1986 to 2. 8 per cent in 2006 (Malaysia 2007). This figures indicate that the government has restricted on its involvement in the economy so as to control the economic impact caused by excessive Government involvement.